Umar and other Companions broke pledge and fled from the battle - Sahih Bukhari

1300 Companions Fled From The Battle Of Hunayn 8 A.H.

Al Bukhari:

Narrated Al-Laith from Yahya Ibn Sa'eed from Umar Ibn Kathir Ibn Aflah from Abi Muhammad Mawla Abi Qotada that Aba Qotada said: 'When it was the day of (the battle of) Hunayn, I saw a Muslim man fighting with one of the Pagans and another Pagan was hiding himself behind the Muslim in order to kill him. So I hurried towards the Pagan who was hiding behind the Muslim to kill him, and he raised his hand to hit me but I hit his hand and cut it off. That man got hold of me and pressed me so hard that I was afraid (that I would die), then he knelt down and his grip became loose and I pushed him and killed him. The Muslims started fleeing and I too, fled with them. Suddenly I met Umar bin Al-Khattab amongst the people and I asked him, "What is wrong with the people?" He said, "It is the order of Allah." Then the people returned to Allah's Apostle (after defeating the enemy). Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever produces a proof that he has killed an infidel, will have the spoils of the killed man." So I got up to look for an evidence to prove that I had killed an infidel, but I could not find anyone to bear witness for me, so I sat down. Then it came to my mind (that I should speak of it) and I mentioned the case to Allah's Apostle. A man from the persons who were sitting with him (i.e. the Prophet), said, "The arms of the deceased one whom he (i.e. Abu Qatada) has mentioned, are with me, so please compensate him for it (i.e. the spoils)." Aboo Bakr said, "No, Allah's Apostle will not give it (i.e. the spoils) to a weak humble person from Quraish and leave one of Allah's Lions who fights on behalf of Allah and His Apostle." Allah's Apostle then got up and gave that (spoils) to me, and I bought with it, a garden which was the first property I got after embracing Islam.'

Source: Saheeh Al-Bukhari. Pg. # 1056 - 1057.

Umar ibn Al-Khattab was among those who fled, and his son Abdullah Ibn Umar sheds further light on this by stating that barely one hundred men remained on the battlefield of Hunayn. In other words, more than 1300 men had broken their pledge given at Hudaibiya.

Al Albani:

Narrated Ibn Umar: "Indeed we saw the day of Hunayn, and indeed the two armies fled from the Messenger of Allah (saw), and there did not remain (even) a hundred men with the Messenger of Allah (saw)."

Al-Albani said: This chain is Saheeh (Authentic).

Aboo Isa Al-Tirmidhi said: This Hadeeth is Hasan Gharib as a narration of Ubaidullah. We do not know of it except from this route.

Source: Saheeh Sunan Tirmidhi. Vol. 2, Pg. # 250 - 251.

'Aboo Al-Ghadiyah Al-Juhani' 

- Pledge broken by Killing Ammar Bin Yassir (r.a)!

Ammar Ibn Yassir (r.a):

Ammar ibn Yassir (r.a) was one of the companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammed (saw). He was one of the emigrants and is one of the four revered companions of Imam Alee (a.s) who had been given the title of being a 'Shi'ee' by the Prophet (saw) himself. Ammar (r.a) was born around 570 A.D and even prior to his conversion, he was a close friend of the Prophet (saw). During the propagation of Islam, Ammar (r.a) contributed in building the first mosque in Madinah. According to numerous narrations on this very incident and on other occasions, the Prophet (saw) foretold that he would be killed by a rebel group. This Prophecy was later fulfilled during the Battle of Siffin, which was lead by the army of Mu'awiyah and he (r.a) was killed mercilessly.

Ibn Taymiyyah:

The one who killed Ammar bin Yassir is Aboo Al-Ghadiyah and it is said he was one of those who gave bay'ah (swore allegiance) at Al-Ridwan. Ibn Hazim narrated that "We swear heaven for Ammar and as for his killers they believe that heaven is for him also". 

Source: Minhaj Al-Sunnah Al-Nabawiya. Vol. 6, Pg. # 205.

Ibn Taymiyyah:

With Muawiyah were some of the first set of Sabiqun. Even the murderer of ‘Ammar, and that was Aboo al-Ghadiyah, he was one of those who gave the pledge under the tree, and they are the first group of Sabiqun.

Source: Minhaj Al-Sunnah Al-Nabawiya. Vol. 4, Pg. # 333.

Ibn Athir:

Aboo Al-Ghadiyah Al-Juhani gave his pledge to the Prophet (saw).

Source: Usdul Ghabah Fi Marifat -us- Sahabah. Vol. 6, Pg. # 267, Person # 6147.

Al-Dhahabi:

He attended to Prophet (saw) and gave his pledge.

Source: Tarikh Al-Islam. Vol. 4, Pg. # 135.

Al-Albani:

Narrated of Abi Ghadya, he said: I heard Ammar bin Yassir being insulted by Uthman in Madinah. He said: "So I promised that I would kill him, that if Allah would give me the possibility (to do so), then I would do it! And when the Day of Siffin occurred, he made Ammar come upon the people, then it was said that this was Ammar. Then I saw a gap between the two bellows and the two legs. Then I came upon him and stabbed him in his knee. Then he fell, then I killed him!" Then it was said: "You have killed Ammar bin Yassir!" And Amroo bin Al-Aas told, and he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (saw) say: "The killer and the robber of Ammar shall be in Hell!" Then it was said to Amroo bin Al-Aas: "Indeed, you are the one who fights him!" Then he said: He (i.e. the Prophet) said: "His killer and his robber!"

Footnote: The chain of narration is Saheeh 'Authentic'. 

Source: Al-Silsila Al-Saheeha. Vol. 5, Pg. # 19.

Killer Of Ammar Ibn Yassir (r.a) Will Be In Hell!

Al Bukhari:

Narrated Ikrima: That ibn Abbas told him and Alee bin Abdullah to go to Aboo Sa'eed and listen to some of his narrations; So they both went (and saw) Aboo Sa'eed and his brother irrigating a garden belonging to them. When he saw them, he came up to them and sat down with his legs drawn up and wrapped in his garment and said, "(During the construction of the mosque of the Prophet) we carried the adobe of the mosque, one brick at a time while Ammar used to carry two at a time. The Prophet passed by Ammar and removed the dust off his head and said, "May Allah be merciful to Ammar. He will be killed by a rebellious aggressive group. Ammar will invite them to (obey) Allah and they will invite him to the (Hell) fire."
Source: Saheeh Al-Bukhari. Pg. # 696, H. # 2812.

Muslim ibn Hajjaj:

Umme Salama reported that Allah's Messenger (saw) said: "A band of rebels would kill Ammar."

Source: Saheeh Muslim. Vol. 2, Book 52, H. # 2916, Pg. # 1333.

Muslim ibn Hajjaj:
Aboo Sa'eed Khudri reported: One who is better than I informed me, that Allah's Messenger (saw) said to Ammar as he was digging the ditch (on the occasion of the Battle of the Ditch) wiping over his head: "O son of Sumayya you will be involved in trouble and a group of the rebels would kill you."
Source: Saheeh Muslim. Vol. 2, Book 52. H. # 2915. Pg. # 1333.

Al-Albani:
"The killer and the robber of Ammar shall be in Hell!"
Footnote: The chain of narrators is 'sahib' (correct) and its narrators are 'Thuqat' (truthful), from the narrators of Muslim.
Source: Al-Silsila Al-Saheeha Al Hadeeth. Vol. 5. H. # 200, Pg. # 18. 

Al Albani:
"The killer and the robber of Ammar shall be in Hell!"
Footnote: The narration is Saheeh (Authentic).
Source: Saheeh al Jamia al Saghir. Vol. 2, H. # 4294, Pg. # 791.

Defence One
The following narration is given in support of the claim that the Prophet (saw) said, "Fire will not touch those who witnessed Badr and Hudaibiya."
Muslim ibn Hajjaj:

Umm Mubashshir reported that she heard Allah's Apostle (saw) as saying in presence of Hafsa: God willing, the people of the Tree would never enter the fire of Hell one amongst those who owed allegiance under that. She said: "Allah's Messenger, why not?" He scolded her. Hafsa said: "And there is none amongst you but shall have to pass over that (narrow Bridge)." Thereupon Allah's Apostle (saw) said: "Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, has said: 'We would rescue those persons who are God-conscious and we would leave the tyrants to their fate there.'"

Source: Saheeh Muslim. Vol. 2, H. # 2496, Pg. # 1166.
   

Reply One 

قُل لِّلْمُخَلَّفِينَ مِنَ الاٌّعْرَابِ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ أُوْلِى بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ تُقَـتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ فَإِن تُطِيعُواْ يُؤْتِكُمُ اللَّهُ أَجْراً حَسَناً وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً - لَّيْسَ عَلَى الاٌّعْمَى حَرَجٌ وَلاَ عَلَى الاٌّعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلاَ عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ يُعَذِّبْهُ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً 

Say to the bedouins who lagged behind: "You shall be called to fight against a people given to great warfare, then you shall fight them, or they shall surrender. Then if you obey, Allah will give you a fair reward; but if you turn away as you did turn away before, He will punish you with a painful torment.'' No blame or sin is there upon the blind, nor is there sin upon the lame, nor is there sin upon the sick. And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; and whosoever turns back, He will punish him with a painful torment.

Holy Qur'aan: (48. 16 - 18)

It is a well established fact that Aboo Al-Ghadiyah's (la) was a companion of the Prophet (saw). Both classical and modern scholars have attested that he was from among those who gave the pledge to the Prophet (saw) at Hudaibiya. The narration taken from Saheeh Muslim was only applicable for those who kept to the conditions of the oath and not for those who broke it. The companions not only fled from battle, but from among those who gave the oath was the killer of Amar ibn Yassir (r.a). The holy Prophet prophesied that a rebel party would kill Ammar bin Yassir (r.a). The Prophet (saw) did not excuse this rebel party on the basis of Ijtihad but rather gave them the recompense of Hell. It is only permissible for a scholar to exercise Ijtihad when there can be found no clear solution. Now what form of Ijtihad was Aboo Al-Ghadiyah trying to exercise when the Prophet (saw) said, "The killer and the robber of Ammar shall be in Hell?!" The condemnation of these individuals and exclusion of the verse of the pledge is nothing but part of the Sunnah of the Prophet (saw).
Defence Two
‘The killer of Ammar is in hell [fire]’ is addition to the Hadeeth
Reply Two
There is no doubt that those who raise such a objection are unconscious while struggling to digest the part of narration ‘The killer and the extortioner of Ammar will be in hell’. This verse from the noble Book of Allah (swt) is enough to silence such people.

وَمَن يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِناً مُّتَعَمِّداً فَجَزَآؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِداً فِيهَا وَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَنَهُ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ عَذَاباً عَظِيماً

And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell to abide therein; and the wrath and the curse of Allah are upon him, and a great punishment is prepared for him. 

Holy Qur'aan: (4.94)

Ahmad ibn Hanbal:
Affan told us, Hammad ibn Salama told us, he said; Aboo Hafs and Kulthoom ibn Jabr narrating Abi Ghadiyah told us, he said; Ammar ibn Yasir has been murdered and Amr ibn al’Ass was told so then he said; "I heard the Messenger of Allah may Allah send His prayers and His peace over Him saying; ‘his murderer and his robber [are] in hell, then Amr was told; ‘and you are now fighting him!’  Then he replies; ‘It has been said, his murderer and his robber’
Footnote: Shuaib al-Arna'ut has authenticated the whole narration as Qawi 'strong' including ‘The killer of Ammar is in hell and his robber [fire]’.

Source: Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Vol. 29. Pg. 311. H. # 17776.

 

'Abd Al-Rahman bin Udays'

Pledge broken by Killing Uthman Bin Affan!

Abd al-Barr:

Abd al-Rahman bin Udays Al-Balawi Al-Misri: He witnessed Al-Hudaibiya. Asad bin Musa mentioned from Ibn Lahi'ah, from Yazid bin Abi Habib, who said: "Abd Al-Rahman bin Udays Al-Balawi was one of those who gave bay'ah to the Messenger of Allah (saw), under the tree." Aboo Umar said, "He was the commander of the army that came from Egypt to Madinah, the army that besieged Uthman and murdered him."

Source: Al-Isti'ab. Vol. 2, Pg. # 840. H. # 1438.

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