The caliph was a quick-tempered man[1] and an extremist[2] and both characteristics seriously affected his political and administrative career. Management to him was some kind of strictness by which he did his best to control the Bedouin Arabs. His inner being was easily detectable in his thoughts and deeds during the lifetime of the Prophet of Islam. We know that in the war of Badr, he asked the Prophet (s) to kill all captives. His harsh treatment with Suhayl Ibn ‘Amr, in the case of the Hudaybiyya peace deal, has been recorded in history. He also held extreme stances against the Hudaybiyya peace accord. On his first day of caliphate, he said, “O God! I am hot-tempered. Soften my behavior!”[3]
He knew he could not live without his lash. Therefore, he was the first one in Islam who took the lash of “Dirra” in his hand.[4] They have said his cane was more horrendous than the sword of Hadjdjādj.[5]
As said, Talha objected to Abū Bakr as to why he imposed ‘Umar upon them knowing that he is hot-tempered.[6]
According to Ibn Shubba, a man told ‘Umar, “People are mad at you; they hate you.”
‘Umar asked, “ why.”
He replied, “They complain of your tongue and cane!”[7] One day, Zubayr’s slave was standing in prayers after evening prayers when he saw
References:
[1] Ibn Abi l-Hadīd writes,وكان في اخلاق عمر والفاظه جفاء وعنجهية ظاهرة ‘Umar’s ethics and words represented self-pride of some kind Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, vol.I, p.183
[2] The caliph, in appearance, was tall and had a brown-colored face and on front part of head, he was hairless, "Asla‘". According to Muhammad Ibn Habīb, he had deceitful eyes.al-Muhabbar p.303; al-Munammaq, p.405
[3] Tabaqāt al-kubrā, vol.III, p.274; Abū Bakr Khallāl, al-Sunna اللهم إني غليظ فليّنّي O God! I am hot-tempered, make me soft-tempered.
[4] Tārīkh al-tabarī, vol.IV, P.209; Tārīkh al-khulafā’, p.137; Hayat al-hayawān, vol.I, p.346; Tabaqāt al-kubrā, vol.III, p.282.
The first one to be lashed by Dirrah was Umm Farwa, Abū Bakr’s sister when she was crying for Abū Bakr after his death and ‘Umar deemed crying for the dead unrightful.
Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, Ibn Abi l-Hadīd, vol.I, p.181
[5] Rabī‘ al-abrār, vol.III, p.188; Hayat al-hayawān, vol.I, p.51; Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, Ibn Abi l-Hadīd, vol.I, p.188; al-Tarātīb al-idāriyya, vol.II, p.376; Tabaqāt al-kubrā, vol.III, p.281
[6] Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, Ibn Abi l-Hadīd, vol.VI, p.343, vol.I, p.164; Hayāt al-sahāba, vol.II, pp.128 and 130
[7] Tārīkh al-madīnat al-munawwara, vol.II, p.858
‘Umar approaching him with his Dirra (cane). The slave fled right then but ‘Umar caught him. The slave said, “I'll never do so again!”[1]
After the death of Yazīd Ibn Abī Sufyān, ‘Umar proposed marrying his wife but she did not accept because she believed ‘Umar was bad-tempered when both leaving and entering the house.[2] Even ‘Āyisha who had close relations with the caliph, prevented his marriage with her sister for the same reason.[3] ‘Abd al-Razzāq San‘ānī quoted Ibrāhīm Nakha‘ī as saying that some day ‘Umar was passing near a group of women when he smelled a perfume.
He said, “If only I knew whose perfume this is. Then, I would know what to do with her. Women should wear perfume for their husbands only.” According to the same story, the woman who had worn perfume urinated out of fear[4] and another woman who saw her had a miscarriage.[5]
As a matter of fact, no one dared ask a question from ‘Umar and he preferred to do it through ‘Uthmān or someone else.[6]
‘Umar considered the criterion of strictness in selecting his rulers for the states.[7] He did not show mercy to offenders, no matter what tribe they belonged to. This made Djabala Ibn ’Ayham, a ruler of Damascus, who had committed a fault flee from Mecca to Damascus and turn away from Islam.[8] Even governors and the caliph’s children were not immune to his wrath. One day, he beat up one of his sons for the exquisite garment he had put on and the son burst into tears. When Hafsa objected, ‘Umar said, “He was acting proudly and I punished him to belittle him.”[9] He beat one of his children to death for drinking wine.[10] Apparently, ‘Amr Ibn ‘Ās had lashed him in Egypt for the same reason and on his return to Medina, his father beat him to death. When he was about to die, he told his father, “You killed me!”
References:
1] al-Ma‘rifa wa l-tārīkh, vol.I, pp.364-365
[2] Nathr al-durr, vol.I, p.61يدخل عابساً ويخرج عابساً He entered with sullen face and went out in the same way.
[3] al-Aghānī, vol.XVI, p.93; al-Istī‘āb, vol.I, p.273
[4] al-Musannaf, ‘Abd al-Razzāq, vol.IV,pp.343-344
[5] Djāmi‘ al-bayān al-‘ilm, vol.II, p.103; Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, vol.I, p.174
[6] al-Fakhrī., p.106(Persian Translation)
[7] al-‘Iqd al-farīd, vol.I, p.15
[8] Tabaqāt al-kubrā, vol.I,p.265; al-Futūh, vol.II, pp.302-304; Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, Ibn Abi l-Hadīd, vol.I, p.183. About him, different stories are said of ‘Umar’s treatment and his repentance in manner of treating him. Tārīkh al-ya‘qūbī, vol.II, p.147
[9] al-Musannaf, vol.I, p.416
[10] Hayat al-hayawān, vol.I, p.49; Mus‘ab Zubayrī, Nasab Quraysh, p.356
He knew he could not live without his lash. Therefore, he was the first one in Islam who took the lash of “Dirra” in his hand.[4] They have said his cane was more horrendous than the sword of Hadjdjādj.[5]
As said, Talha objected to Abū Bakr as to why he imposed ‘Umar upon them knowing that he is hot-tempered.[6]
According to Ibn Shubba, a man told ‘Umar, “People are mad at you; they hate you.”
‘Umar asked, “ why.”
He replied, “They complain of your tongue and cane!”[7] One day, Zubayr’s slave was standing in prayers after evening prayers when he saw
References:
[1] Ibn Abi l-Hadīd writes,وكان في اخلاق عمر والفاظه جفاء وعنجهية ظاهرة ‘Umar’s ethics and words represented self-pride of some kind Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, vol.I, p.183
[2] The caliph, in appearance, was tall and had a brown-colored face and on front part of head, he was hairless, "Asla‘". According to Muhammad Ibn Habīb, he had deceitful eyes.al-Muhabbar p.303; al-Munammaq, p.405
[3] Tabaqāt al-kubrā, vol.III, p.274; Abū Bakr Khallāl, al-Sunna اللهم إني غليظ فليّنّي O God! I am hot-tempered, make me soft-tempered.
[4] Tārīkh al-tabarī, vol.IV, P.209; Tārīkh al-khulafā’, p.137; Hayat al-hayawān, vol.I, p.346; Tabaqāt al-kubrā, vol.III, p.282.
The first one to be lashed by Dirrah was Umm Farwa, Abū Bakr’s sister when she was crying for Abū Bakr after his death and ‘Umar deemed crying for the dead unrightful.
Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, Ibn Abi l-Hadīd, vol.I, p.181
[5] Rabī‘ al-abrār, vol.III, p.188; Hayat al-hayawān, vol.I, p.51; Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, Ibn Abi l-Hadīd, vol.I, p.188; al-Tarātīb al-idāriyya, vol.II, p.376; Tabaqāt al-kubrā, vol.III, p.281
[6] Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, Ibn Abi l-Hadīd, vol.VI, p.343, vol.I, p.164; Hayāt al-sahāba, vol.II, pp.128 and 130
[7] Tārīkh al-madīnat al-munawwara, vol.II, p.858
‘Umar approaching him with his Dirra (cane). The slave fled right then but ‘Umar caught him. The slave said, “I'll never do so again!”[1]
After the death of Yazīd Ibn Abī Sufyān, ‘Umar proposed marrying his wife but she did not accept because she believed ‘Umar was bad-tempered when both leaving and entering the house.[2] Even ‘Āyisha who had close relations with the caliph, prevented his marriage with her sister for the same reason.[3] ‘Abd al-Razzāq San‘ānī quoted Ibrāhīm Nakha‘ī as saying that some day ‘Umar was passing near a group of women when he smelled a perfume.
He said, “If only I knew whose perfume this is. Then, I would know what to do with her. Women should wear perfume for their husbands only.” According to the same story, the woman who had worn perfume urinated out of fear[4] and another woman who saw her had a miscarriage.[5]
As a matter of fact, no one dared ask a question from ‘Umar and he preferred to do it through ‘Uthmān or someone else.[6]
‘Umar considered the criterion of strictness in selecting his rulers for the states.[7] He did not show mercy to offenders, no matter what tribe they belonged to. This made Djabala Ibn ’Ayham, a ruler of Damascus, who had committed a fault flee from Mecca to Damascus and turn away from Islam.[8] Even governors and the caliph’s children were not immune to his wrath. One day, he beat up one of his sons for the exquisite garment he had put on and the son burst into tears. When Hafsa objected, ‘Umar said, “He was acting proudly and I punished him to belittle him.”[9] He beat one of his children to death for drinking wine.[10] Apparently, ‘Amr Ibn ‘Ās had lashed him in Egypt for the same reason and on his return to Medina, his father beat him to death. When he was about to die, he told his father, “You killed me!”
References:
1] al-Ma‘rifa wa l-tārīkh, vol.I, pp.364-365
[2] Nathr al-durr, vol.I, p.61يدخل عابساً ويخرج عابساً He entered with sullen face and went out in the same way.
[3] al-Aghānī, vol.XVI, p.93; al-Istī‘āb, vol.I, p.273
[4] al-Musannaf, ‘Abd al-Razzāq, vol.IV,pp.343-344
[5] Djāmi‘ al-bayān al-‘ilm, vol.II, p.103; Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, vol.I, p.174
[6] al-Fakhrī., p.106(Persian Translation)
[7] al-‘Iqd al-farīd, vol.I, p.15
[8] Tabaqāt al-kubrā, vol.I,p.265; al-Futūh, vol.II, pp.302-304; Sharh nahdj al-balāgha, Ibn Abi l-Hadīd, vol.I, p.183. About him, different stories are said of ‘Umar’s treatment and his repentance in manner of treating him. Tārīkh al-ya‘qūbī, vol.II, p.147
[9] al-Musannaf, vol.I, p.416
[10] Hayat al-hayawān, vol.I, p.49; Mus‘ab Zubayrī, Nasab Quraysh, p.356
Categories:
English
0 comments:
Post a Comment
براہ مہربانی شائستہ زبان کا استعمال کریں۔ تقریبا ہر موضوع پر 'گمنام' لوگوں کے بہت سے تبصرے موجود ہیں. اس لئےتاریخ 20-3-2015 سے ہم گمنام کمینٹنگ کو بند کر رہے ہیں. اس تاریخ سے درست ای میل اکاؤنٹس کے ضریعے آپ تبصرہ کر سکتے ہیں.جن تبصروں میں لنکس ہونگے انہیں فوراً ہٹا دیا جائے گا. اس لئے آپنے تبصروں میں لنکس شامل نہ کریں.
Please use Polite Language.
As there are many comments from 'anonymous' people on every subject. So from 20-3-2015 we are disabling 'Anonymous Commenting' option. From this date only users with valid E-mail accounts can comment. All the comments with LINKs will be removed. So please don't add links to your comments.