Umar's Contribution At The Treaty Of Hudaybiyya 6 A.H - Sunni Sources

The treaty of Hudaybiyya took place four years prior to his death of the Holy Prophet (saw). The pagans prohibited the Muslims from entering into Makkah. The Messenger of Allah (saw) requested thereupon the companions paid allegiance to him (saw) under the Tree as a result of this the following verses was revealed:

{لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا}

{Indeed, Allah was pleased with the believers when they gave the Bayah (pledge) to you (O Muhammad saw) under the tree, He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down As-Sakinah (calmness and tranquillity) upon them, and He rewarded them with a near victory}
Holy Qu'raan [48:18]

The allegiance to the Holy Prophet (saw) and revelation of the verse was met under certain conditions as the previous verse sheds more light on this:

{ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُونَ اللَّهَ يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَمَن نَّكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا يَنكُثُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِمَا عَاهَدَ عَلَيْهُ اللَّهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا}

{Verily, those who give Bayah (pledge) to you (O Muhammad) they are giving Bayah (pledge) to Allah (swt). The Hand of Allah (swt) is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm, and whosoever fulfils what he has covenanted with Allah, He will bestow on him a great reward.} Holy Qur'aan [48:10]

The verse [48:18] excludes Aboo Bakr and Umar along with their associates. The verse emphasizes that those who broke the conditions of pledge will not be given the mighty reward. However, the actions of the Sheikhayn fleeing in the battle(s) after the allegiance would no longer mean they fit the criteria of this verse. Furthermore, Umar is definitely not among the believers based on his actions in Hudaibiyya which shows that He did not have faith in Allah (swt) and his Messenger (saw).

Al-Bukhari:

Narrated from Meswar Ibn Mekhrama and Marwan who both said: (the narration is too long, so we take only a part of it which help us to know Umar and the other socalled Sahaba better, and that is when the Prophet(saw) wrote the peace agreement with the pagans) Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "I went to the Prophet and said, 'Aren't you truly the Apostle of Allah?' The Prophet said, 'Yes, indeed.' I said, 'Isn't our Cause just and the cause of the enemy unjust?' He said, 'Yes.' I said, 'Then why should we be humble in our religion?' He said, 'I am Allah's Apostle and I do not disobey Him, and He will make me victorious.' I said, 'Didn't you tell us that we would go to the Ka`ba and perform Tawaf around it?' He said, 'Yes, but did I tell you that we would visit the Ka`ba this year?' I said, 'No.' He said, 'So you will visit it and perform Tawaf around it?' " `Umar further said, "I went to Aboo Bakr and said, 'O Aboo Bakr! Isn't He truly Allah's Prophet?' He replied, 'Yes.' I said, 'Then why should we be humble in our religion?' He said, 'Indeed, He is Allah's Apostle and He does not disobey his Lord, and He will make him victorious. Adhere to him as, by Allah, He is on the right.' I said, 'Was he not telling us that we would go to the Ka`ba and perform Tawaf around it?' He said, 'Yes, but did he tell you that you would go to the Ka`ba this year?' I said, 'No.' He said, "You will go to Ka`ba and perform Tawaf around it." (Az-Zuhri said, " `Umar said, 'I performed many good deeds as expiation for the improper questions I asked them.' ") When the writing of the peace treaty was concluded, Allah's Apostle said to his companions, "Get up and' slaughter your sacrifices and get your head shaved." By Allah none of them got up, and the Prophet repeated his order thrice. When none of them got up, He left them and went to Um Salama and told Her of the people's attitudes towards him. Um Salama said, "O the Prophet of Allah! Do you want your order to be carried out? Go out and don't say a word to anybody till you have slaughtered your sacrifice and call your barber to shave your head." So, the Prophet went out and did not talk to anyone of them till He did that, i.e. slaughtered the sacrifice and called his barber who shaved his head. Seeing that, the companions of the Prophet got up, slaughtered their sacrifices, and started shaving the heads of one another...'
Source: Saheeh Al-Bukhari. Pg. # 672, H. # 2731 - 2732.

This narration demonstrates how disobedient the companions were. Even though the Messenger of Allah (saw) ordered them three times to slaughter their sacrifices and shave their heads, none of them obeyed him (saw). Umar even goes as far as questioning the integrity of the Holy Prophet (saw).

Muslim ibn Hajjaj:

Narrated Aboo Bakr Ibn Abi Shayba from Abdullah Ibn Nomair and Ibn Nomair from his father from Abdulaziz Ibn Siyah from Habib Ibn Abi Thabit from Abi Wahil who said: Sahl Ibn Hunaif stood up on the Day of Siffin and said: O ye people, blame yourselves (for want of discretion) ; we were with the Messenger of Allah (saw) on the Day of Hudaibiyya. If we had thought it fit to fight, we could fight. This was in the truce between the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and the polytheists. Umar Ibn Khattab came, approached the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and said: Messenger of Allah, aren't we fighting for truth and they for falsehood? He replied: By all means. He asked: Are not those killed from our side in Paradise and those killed from their side in the Fire? He replied: Yes. He said: Then why should we put a blot upon our religion and return, while Allah has not decided the issue between them and ourselves? He said: Son of Khattab, I am the Messenger of Allah. Allah will never ruin me. Umar went away while he was angry. So he approached Aboo Bakr and said: 'Aboo Bakr, aren't we fighting for truth and they for falsehood? He replied: Yes. He asked: Aren't those killed from our side in Paradise and those killed from their side in the Fire? He replied: Why not? He (then) said: Why should we then disgrace our religion and return while God has not yet decided the issue between them and ourselves? Aboo Bakr said: Son of Khattab, verily, he is the Messenger of Allah, and Allah will never ruin him. (The narrator continued): At this (a Sura of) the Qur'an (giving glad tidings of the victory) was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). He sent for Umar and made him read it. He asked: Is (this truce) a victory? He (the Messenger of Allah) replied: Yes. At this Umar was pleased, and returned.
Source: Saheeh Muslim. Vol. 2, Pg. # 859.

How can any believer not be content with what Allah (swt) and His Messenger (saw) have decided?! Allah (swt) says in His Book that whoever does not submit to His Messenger (saw) and his decisions are those who do not have faith:

{فَلاَ وَرَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّىَ يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لاَ يَجِدُواْ فِي أَنفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِّمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُواْ تَسْلِيمًا}

{But no, by your Lord, they have no Faith, until they make you (O Muhammad (saw) judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept (them) with full submission.}
 Holy Qur'aan [4:65]

Ibn Hibban:
Narrated from Miswar Ibn Mekhrama and Marwan who both said: (the narration is too long, so we take only a part of it what Umar has said about his dipute with the Messenger of Allah (saw) and that is after the Messenger of Allah (saw) signed the peace treaty). Umar said: by God, I had never doubted since I embraced Islam except in that day, so I went to the Messenger of Allah (saw) and said: 'Aren't you truly the Apostle of Allah?' The Prophet said, 'Yes, indeed!'. I said, 'Isn't our Cause just and the cause of the enemy unjust?' He said, 'Yes.' I said, 'Then why should we be humble in our religion?' He said, 'I am Allah's Apostle and I do not disobey Him, and He is my Helper.' I said, 'Didn't you tell us that we would go to the Ka`ba and perform Tawaf around it?' He said, 'Yes, but did I tell you that we would visit the Ka`ba this year?' I said, 'No.' He said, 'So you will visit it and perform Tawaf around it?'`Umar further said, "I went to Aboo Bakr and said, 'O Aboo Bakr! Isn't he truly Allah's Prophet?' He replied, 'Yes.' I said, 'Then why should we be humble in our religion?' He said, 'Indeed, he is Allah's Apostle and he does not disobey his Lord, and He is his Helper...
Footnote: The narration is Saheeh 'Authentic.'

Source: Saheeh Ibn Hibban. Vol. 11, Pg. # 224.

Umar testified he never doubted in the the message of the Prophet (saw) more than he did on that day. The same individual who fled from the battlefield but now wants to fight. This hypocritical attitude that Umar was displaying was nothing but an illusion of a mighty valiant warrior. The Messenger of Allah (saw) immediately rebuked Umar by saying, "Did you forget the day of Uhud that you were fleeing and climbed the mountain and the day of Khandaq and the day of such and such..." Bukhari and Muslim have not narrated this therefore we need to refer to secondary sources to produce this evidence.

Al-Waqidi:

Aboo Sa’eed Al-Khudri said: (the narration is too long, so we take only a part of it what Umar has said in his dipute with the Messenger of Allah (saw) and what the Messenger of Allah (saw) said to him). Umar and some of the men of companions of the Prophet (saw) who were with Umar said: 'Didn't you tell us that you will enter the Ka`ba and hold the door of it and and perform Tawaf around it?' And now neither our sacrifices reached Makkah nor we.' He said: 'Did I tell you that we would visit the Ka`ba this year?' Umar said: 'No.' The Messenger of Allah (saw) said, 'So you will enter the Ka’ba, and I will hold the door of Ka’ba and shave my head and your heads in the center of Makkah and will perform Tawaf around it?' " Then He came to Umar and said: 'Did you forget the day of Uhud when you were going up, and paid no heed for anyone, and I was calling you from behind?'
[Qur’aan 3:153] Did you forget the day of Al-Ahzaab that their army came on you from above and from below, and when your eyes swerved and your hearts leaped to your throats? [Qur’aan 33:10]

And the Messenger of Allah (saw) kept asking them, did you forget the day of such and such? Until the Muslims said: 'Allah (swt) and His Messenger (saw) told the truth, O Messenger of Allah (saw), we had not thought what you had, you are more knowledgeable in Allah (swt) and his decisions than us.' When the Messenger of Allah (saw) entered the Ka’ba next year and shaved his head, he said: 'This is what I had promised to you'. On the day of Fath (conquering Makkah) he took the door of Ka’ba and said: 'Bring Umar Ibn Al-Khattab to me!' And then said: 'This is what I told you.' And when it was Hajjatul Wida he said: 'O Umar, this is what I told you.' Then Umar said: 'O Messenger of Allah (saw), yes there is no victory greater than this victory in Islam.'

Source: Al-Maghazi. Vol. 2, Pg. # 609.

Conveniently Al-Waqidi has been criticised heavily by scholars of Hadeeth. One can only wonder why ? Perhaps because He used to narrate the scandals of the Sheikhayn which do not reveal them in any positive light.

And yet the very same Al-Waqidi's narrations are accepted outside the six major books of Hadeeth regarding the narration of adult fosterage (A Chapter found in Saheeh Muslim under 'Suckling Young Lad') in means to prove the breastfeeding was not direct rather the milk was extracted into a cup!

This is one of many examples of the preposterous double standards of the Ahlul-Sunnah. They choose to accept His narrations when it suits their interests but reject any that reveals illicet behavior from Sahaba they revere.

Despite the narration of Al Waqidi, both Bukhari and Muslim only recorded a fraction of the incident in order to avoid any shame upon the Sahaba. Al-Dhahabi has also narrated the very same narration through Urwah, but without mentioning the names of the individuals.

Al-Dhahabi:

Narrated Ibn Lahi’a from Abul Aswad from Urwa who said: 'When the Messenger of Allah (saw) came back from Hudaybiyya, some of the companions of the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: 'By God this is not a victory, the pagans prevented us from entering the Ka’ba and abandoned our sacrifices too. Then the Messenger of Allah (saw) was informed about what those men of his companions had said that, 'This is not a victory,' whereupon he (saw) said: 'What an evil speech, this is a big victory, the pagans were content and happy just to prevent you from your homes and they asked you about it and they hope to have safety from your side, (this is despite the fact that) they have seen from you what you do not like (i.e. cowardice), and Allah (swt) gave you victory upon them and returned you unharmed, with wealth and hired guns, so this is the greatest victory. Did you forget the day of Uhud when you were going up, and paid no heed for anyone, and I was calling you from behind? [Qur’aan 3:153] Did you forget the day of Al-Ahzaab that their army came on you from above and from below, and when your eyes swerved and your hearts leapt to your throats? [Qur’aan 33:10]" Whereupon the Muslims said: 'Allah (swt) and His Messenger (saw) told the truth, O Apostle of Allah (saw), by Allah (swt) this is the greatest victory'.

Source: Siyar Ahlam Al-Nobala of Al-Dhahabi. Vol. 2 of Sira Al-Nabawiyya Pg.  # 55.

Surah [48:18] includes only believers and does not include Aboo Bakr and Umar who had broken their pledges. The Sheikhayn (i.e. Aboo Bakr and Umar) had fled in at least two battles after the Allegiance in Hudaibiyyah, and Allah (saw) had promised them a severe punishment.

{ وَمَن يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ إِلاَّ مُتَحَرِّفًا لِّقِتَالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزًا إِلَى فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ بَاء بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ اللّهِ وَمَأْوَاهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ}

{And whoever turns his back to them on such a day - unless it be a stratagem of war, or to retreat to a troop (of his own), he indeed has drawn upon himself wrath from Allah (swt). And his abode is Hell, and worst indeed is that destination!}
Holy Qur'aan [8:16]

One can never doubt that the Muslims achieved great conquests during the reign of Umar. However, this is no merit on his half, rather we find it was achieved due to the advice of Imam Alee (a.s) who acted as an advisory during this period. The conquests fell in to two periods, those that took place after the martyrdom of the Prophet (saw) and those during his (s.a) life. Many of the victories of these battles had been achieved due to Imam Alee (a.s) valiant character. Had Imam Alee (a.s) not contributed in these battles, victory would not have been achieved. As for instance, at Khaybar, he was unable to participate due to an eye ailment. The army of the Messenger of Allah (saw) repeatedly suffered defeats in the hands of the enemy until the Messenger of Allah (saw) cured the eye of Alee (a.s) with his blessed saliva. Due to the recovery of this ailment, he (a.s) conquered the forts of Khaybar.  It must be pointed out that there exists no evidence in which Imam Alee (a.s) fought in any of the battles during the reign of the Sheikhayn. This was not done out of fear Nozbillah! It was only due to the fact he (a.s) did not deem them to be an authority and rather than being a part of these expeditions after the life of the Prophet (saw), Imam (a.s) consulted with Umar, not for the usurpers personal achievement, but for the sake of the Muslim Ummah at large.

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